Pdf 6611 kv distribution substation design researchgate. Substation definition n critical for generation, transmission, and distribution system n performs several important switching functions n may have various voltage levels before it reaches the customer n owned and operated by an electrical utility or a large industrialcommercial customer. Electrical distribution system in office building electric. Presentation outline electric power system grounding 3phase power systems reasons for grounding and bonding substation, transmission, and distribution grounding power faults and lightning strikes fault current distribution ground potential rise gpr touch and step potentials safety 2 d ng. Electrical transmission and distribution construction. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. A substation is the intermediate means between high voltage transmission or distribution and end user including connecting generators. Distribution substation a distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. Introduction of substation and power distribution facilities and. All busses are density rated copper and breakers are the bolton type. Gmps distribution substations, wholesale customers, and large industrial customers. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. Design guide for rural substations usda rural development.
The electrical distribution system shown on the oneline diagram is typical for most plants for the configuration as shown. Panelboards can be 120240v 1 phase or 120208v 3 phase based on your system requirements. Scada extends beyond the distribution substation to provide situational awareness of distribution system status, automation of critical distribution system management components, and a communications system that can interact with individual customers and their gridconnected end uses. Replace previous bulletin 651 with this bulletin and file with 7 cfr. Electrical distribution system eds pdf notes 2020 sw. Pdf protection coordination in electrical substation part2. Classification of electrical substations on 5 basis circuit. Distribution substation is connected to a subtransmission system via at least one.
Components and substations for electrical transmission and. This document is a reference for the designers of ergon energy substations and it covers all aspects of substation design for both greenfield and brownfield substation projects to meet the performance expected by ergon energy. Underground power distribution secondary distribution the secondary distribution compartment is physically isolated from the rest of the substation and accommodates six plugin modular feeders which connect to the lowvoltage bus via tinplated bus bar. This chapter provides an overview of electrical distribution network and systems. The transmission system includes stepup and stepdown transformers at the generating and distribution stations. System planning, design, construction, and protection. Power is supplied to various substations for distribution or to big. The primary feeders carry the electrical power from distributer centers to step down distribution transformers. Grounding of secondary unit substation installation.
The medium voltage network carries electrical power from the main distribution substations either directly to large industrial and commercial consumers or to distributor centers within residential areas at medium. Distribution feeders transport power from the distribution substations to the end consumers premises. Feeders are almost always radial from substation to loads i. It begins with an introduction to power distribution schemes and explains the purpose of substations in these schemes. A discussion of the national electrical code nec and national electrical safety code nesc design considerations as applied to utility substations, including working clearances, cable tray, cables, conduit, conduit fill, and station services in electrical equipment enclosures. The number of switchgear buses will vary along with the voltages. Change log pdf, 84 kb this document provides a history of updates to this webpage along with a brief description of the changes. The utility that owns the substation uses the following loading criteria. Distribution substation an overview sciencedirect topics. Even though power infrastructure is highly redundant and resilient, customer outages do occur as a result of system disruptions. What is distribution substation and its main components. The primary substation is the load center taking power from the transmission or subtransmission network and distributes electricity to customers via the distribution network consisting of cablesohl and customer substations. Electric power substations engineering, third edition pcewebsite.
The invention of a practical efficient transformer made ac power distribution feasible. Cables in electrical energy systems the first modern according to todays views a 10 kv cable line was built in 1890. Short local electrical outages may be necessary to interconnect nearby transmission andor distribution lines into the new substation. In generating station various function and control can be achieved by programming the plc. These substations are meant for switching operations of power lines without transforming the voltage. From the same bus bars,outgoing line is taken which goes to the other substation. The primary distribution system consists of the feeders emanating from the substation and supplying power to 1 or more secondary distribution systems. The distribution transformer is a main and largest equipment of. These substations are located near the consumer localities to supply power at 400v, three phase or 230v, single phase to the consumers. The main purpose of the equipment, which is used on substation, is to transform the voltage, protect the grid, and make all necessary switchings.
Provision of surge arresters at a mediumvoltage riser. Functional specification for threephase substation distribution transformers 30012,000 kva. Technical guide the mvlv transformer substations abb group. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. In electrical distribution system voltage, current and power factor are monitored and controlled if any fault oneoccurs with the help of computer pc by using scada automaticsoftware 4. Rural distribution substation capacities vary from maybe 1. Due to lack of information at the base station 33kv substation on the loading and health status of the 11kv415v transformer with associated feeders is one of the primary causes of inefficient power distribution. Distribution substations a distribution substation is a combination of switching, controlling, and voltage stepdown equipment arranged to reduce subtransmission voltage to primary distribution voltage for residential, commercial, and industrial loads. Feeders leave the substation to distribute power into the service area in one of three topologies. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Table 11 yard minimum clearances nominal operating voltage phph 1,2, kv nom 1 basic impulse level. Critical for generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Nov 09, 2017 eduardo obtained a bsee with power system emphasis from university of costa rica in 2002. Along with the role of each type of equipment, one should understand how the equipment is utilized to provide reliable power to the station. The radial system is the simplest electrical distribution arrangement, and the least. The main purpose of the power transformer is to stepup the transmission. At a sub station, the level of secondary transmission voltage 2kv, 66 or 33 kv reduced to 11kv by step down transforms. In 1980 he was awarded the national prize for his contribution to development of 750 kv ac.
Substation design criteria page 4 of 8 electrical clearances yard clearances the substation shall be designed to provide at a minimum, the yard clearances and spacing in table 11. Outgoing feeders from a primary distribution substation are typically feeding secondary distribution substations and bigger, most often industrial type, consumers directly. Vars flowing over a transmission line or distribution. Basic substation configurations and the components avo training. Electrical transmission and distribution construction contractors and trade association osha partnership best practices purpose. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode. That network consists of electrical distribution substations which stepdown the transmission line voltage levels between 69 kv and 765 kv to distribution. In the feeder substation facilities, there is a boundary section where two different frequencies of 50hz and 60hz are used in power supplies. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. The electrical distribution system notes pdf eds pdf notes book starts with the topics covering introduction to distribution systems, radial and loop types of primary feeders, rating of distribution substation, derivation for voltage drop and power loss in lines, objectives of distribution system protection, general coordination procedure, different types of power capacitors, etc. Equipment spacing shall be in accordance with the applicable codes.
This allows power to be delivered by distribution lines to distribution transformers that further reduce the voltage to a level useable by the customer. This specification covers the electrical and mechanical characteristics of eatons cooper power series 30012,000 kva threephase substation distribution transformers. An indoor substation houses all electrical equipment. In electric power distribution, feeder is voltage power line transferring power from a distribution substation to the distribution transformers in an electrical wiring. Introduction modern power plants have an extensive electrical distribution system to provide.
Substation maintenance this fiveday lecture and demonstration course is a comprehensive overview of the maintenance requirements of power and distribution substations. Electrical power supply and distribution paragraph page c hapter 1. At each distribution substation, the voltage is stepped down to 400 v and power is delivered by 3phase,4wire a. The plugin feeders provide a high degree of operational safety and.
An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the. This common point normally is connected to an electrical ground. Pdf development of an electrical substation equipment. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. Functional specification for threephase substation.
Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. Pdf 149 kb, 1012015 liquidfilled, mediumvoltage arvfi unit substation transformer specification. A distribution substation is served by two transmission lines, each connected to a 40mva foa transformer. Emerging technologies and future trends in substation. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2. Substation transformer retrofit outdoor indoor eaton. Depending on the purpose served, power substations might be classified as. Substation a part of an electrical transmission system that transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse. The cost of converting the entire existing overhead electric distribution system underground would likely be borne by the rate payers and could be prohibitively expensive. Soil erosion and storm water runoff can also occur during construction when the existing vegetation is removed during foundation excavation, temporarily exposing bare ground.
Switching station a part of an electrical transmission system that ties two or more electric circuits together through switches, to permit a circuit to be disconnected, or to change the electric connection between circuits. Oct 30, 2009 electric distribution substations are used to reduce voltage levels from transmission and subtransmission to distribution level. Substation bus feeds the primary distribution network. The design criteria and standards contained within are the minimums acceptable for department of the army and air force installations for efficiency, economy, durability, maintainability, and reliability of electrical power supply and distribution systems. Electrical energy is distributed to customers through a utilitys electrical distribution network. The downtown areas of large cities feature complicated distribution substations, with highvoltage.
Overview of substations what is a substation and why it is. Pdf protection coordination in electrical substation. Applying the national electrical code to substations. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Generally, power substations are used to control the power flow and supply quality in the grid.
A 66 kv33kv,star delta transformer is connected to the 66kv bus bars. Dec 25, 2018 the electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Introduction of substation and power distribution facilities. Pdf single line diagram of substations denny rama prahara. Pdf power systems must be protected against faults to ensure quality and reliable generation, transmission and distribution of power systems.
Conceptual flow chart of the electricity supply chain. Figure iv6 shows a relatively small electric distribution. An electrical substation is a part of the electrical installation that includes the terminations of the transmission or distribution lines and switchgear, and which may. Ecosui substation operator interface dcs010 105 geographic information system arcgis dcs011 106 distribution management system overview dcs012 107 distribution management system operation dcs0 108 distribution management system administration dcs014 109 metso dna maintenance dcs015 110 metso dna operation dcs016 111. That network consists of electrical distribution substations which stepdown the transmission line voltage levels between 69 kv and 765 kv to distribution voltage levels, usually 35 kv or less. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in 1990. An introduction to electric power transmission presentation. Technological limitations may make such a large project infeasible. Operate and maintain equipment solutions l001ac 55 medium voltage low voltage transformer substations k003ac 56 ws gas insulated switchgear up to 36 kv m001tc 57 wi gas insulated switchgear up to 52 kv m002tc 58 gma gas insulated switchgear up to 24 kv m003tc 59.
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